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Denial of Legal and Historical Responsibility

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"Comfort Station" in Shanxi, China
Photo credit: Pacific Atrocities Education

Lesson Plan 1 of 2 

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Purpose: Students should know what actions have been taken to obtain justice for “comfort women.”  “Comfort women’s” ordeals, like many who are affected during wartime, did not end with the war.  Students should be aware of “comfort women’s” past struggles and their present day struggles to obtain justice.  
 

Objective: Students will be able explain key actions taken after WWII that attempted to achieve justice for “comfort women.”  They should be able to defend their opinion on whether or not each resolution was appropriate using historical facts.

California Social Studies Content Standard: 10.4 New Imperialism - Students learn how colonization worked. Students also learn about Imperialism & its connection to race and religion 10.8 Causes and Consequences of WWII - Students analyze the causes and consequences of World War II.  (Part of addressing that standard in the New HSS Curriculum Framework includes, “‘Comfort women’ is a euphemism that describes women who were forced into sexual service by the Japanese Army…”) 10.11 Economic Integration and Contemporary Revolutions in Information, Technology, and Communications - Students think about the following questions: Has the world become more peaceful? Is the nature of conflict changing? How do ideas about universal human rights relate to other value and identity systems in the contemporary world?

Suggested Time: 1-2 class day (approximately one to two hours)

​
Procedure:
·       Teachers should inform students about the different demands for redress from former “comfort women,” the actions that have been taken, and the controversies that still persist around the issue of redress.  They can:
o   Give a short lecture, reading, or timeline that highlights the major actions taken.  Some resources and more information are provided below.
 ·       Students should fill in the worksheet.  It can:
o   be assigned as homework.
o   be completed in small groups.
 ·       After the worksheet is completed, the teacher should debrief the topic and the reflection questions by:
o   having students discuss their answers in small groups.
o   having a whole class discussion.
o   having students line up as a continuum in the class depending on what they decided and have them explain their position.
·       Teachers should have a sign on one side of the classroom that says “justice not achieved” and another sign on the other side of the room that says “justice achieved.”  Students stand somewhere between the two points depending on their opinion.
 
Materials/Handouts:
 “Justice for Comfort Women” worksheet
 
Some Resources (for teachers to prepare material for their students):
·       “A Very Short History of Japan’s War Apologies” from the Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/08/12/a-very-short-history-of-japans-war-apologies/?utm_term=.94dbe4262479
·       “South Korea: World’s Longest Protest Over Comfort Women” from Al Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/south-korea-world-longest-protest-comfort-women-170908024721239.html
·       “Japan’s divisive ‘comfort women’ fund” from the BBC: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6530197.stm
·       “A Lifetime Later, a Korean ‘comfort woman’ still seeks redress” from CNN: https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/29/asia/will-ripley-japan-comfort-women/index.html
·       Jan Ruff-O’Herne’s testimony to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2007: http://www.alpha-canada.org/wp-content/themes/bcalpha-theme/Testimonies/CWH_Jan%20Ruff%20O'Herne.pdf
·       “Report on the mission to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea the Republic of Korea, and Japan on the issue of military sexual slavery in wartime” from the UN Commission on Human Rights: http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/commission/country52/53-add1.htm
·       Filipino Comfort Women: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/comfort-women-philippines-m-evelina-galang_us_57232d48e4b0f309baf08490
·       “Deal with Japan on Former Sex Slaves Failed Victims, South Korean Panel Says” from New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/27/world/asia/comfort-women-south-korea-japan.html
·       Yongsoo Lee’s confrontation with South Korean Foreign Minister over the 2015 agreement: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=106&v=PoScD0NUfmA
​

Additional resources can be found at the end of this Resource Guide in the “References” section.
Copyright Ⓒ 2018 Education for Social Justice Foundation. All rights reserved.​ ​
For other lesson plans, primary source documents, and additional content, visit e4sjf.org
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Optional extended activity lesson plans and worksheets are available upon request.

Lesson Plan 2 of 2
Has justice been achieved for "comfort women"?

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  • Home
    • About Us >
      • Social Justice Education
      • Advocacy >
        • International Community Outreach >
          • Chiba Korean Elementary Middle School >
            • Our First Advocacy
            • ESJF Student Art Competition
            • ESJF Statement: “After ‘Lack of Freedom of Expression?’” Shut Down to Suppress Freedom of Expression
            • Letter to Aichi Prefectural Triennale Promotion Office
          • Days for Girls International
        • Civil Society
    • Blog
    • Interviews and articles
  • Educator Resources
    • Sexual and Gender-based Violence >
      • Japanese military sexual slavery system >
        • Brief Historical Background
        • Lesson Plans and Worksheets >
          • ​In Their Own Words
          • Resistance & Collective activism
          • Denial of legal and historical responsibility
          • ​Remembering and honoring "comfort women"
          • Global plague
          • Contemporary movements towards justice
          • Worksheets
          • Puzzles
        • 2017 CA H-SS Framework >
          • Basic questions surrounding the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery System
        • Map of "Comfort Women" Memorials in the United States
        • Survivors' Testimonies & Legacies >
          • Korea
          • China
          • Philippines
          • Indonesia
          • Japan
          • Netherlands
        • Primary Source Documents: "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
          • Concerning the Recruitment of Women for Military Comfort Stations
          • Psychological Warfare Interrogation Report No. 49
          • Psychological Warfare Interrogation Bulletin No. 2
          • SEATIC Psychological Warfare Bulletin No. 182
          • G-3 Daily Dairy
          • C.B.I. Roundup
          • Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS) No. 470
          • Research Report No. 120: Amenities in the Japanese Armed Forces
          • San Francisco Local History >
            • Resolutions >
              • Resolution 158-25A1
            • Chronology: Teaching "Comfort Women" History from the 1990s to Present
          • Images
        • Secondary Source Documents and ESJF Statements >
          • Secondary Resource References
          • ESJF Statement on the South Korea Court’s ruling, April 21, 2021
          • ESJF Statement on the South Korea Court’s ruling, January 8, 2021
          • International Joint Statement, August 14, 2019
          • International Joint Statement, March 1, 2019
          • International Joint Statement, October 6, 2018
          • International Joint Statement, January 7, 2018
        • Reflections on Collective Activism in SF >
          • Reflection and Chronology: Eric Mar
          • Reflection: Steven Whyte & Ellen Wilson
          • Reflection: Sung Sohn
        • International "Comfort Women" Day >
          • 30th Anniversary of Kim Hak-Soon Halmoni's public testimony >
            • Kim Hak-Soon Halmoni
        • 2000 Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan’s Military Sexual Slavery
        • 2015 "Comfort Women" Agreement
        • 2017 Special Task Force Report on 2015 "Comfort Women" Agreement between S. Korea and Japan
        • UNESCO and the "Voices of the 'Comfort Women'" >
          • Timeline
          • 2021 Youth Artwork Competition
          • 2021 Young Adult Online Campaign
        • Historic Lawsuits related to Japanese military sexual slavery before and during WWII >
          • Sung Sohn's Essay with commentaries and statement
        • YouTube >
          • First Video Footage of Korean "Comfort Women": July, 2017
          • First Video Footage of Mass Murdered "Comfort Women": Feb. 2018
          • Life as a "Comfort Woman": Story of Kim Bok-Dong
          • Meet Estelita Dy: A Filipino "Comfort Woman" Survivor
          • 2015 "Comfort Women" Agreement and Victims' Reaction
          • 2018 International "Comfort Women" Day
        • Wednesday Demonstration
        • Peace Statue
      • Sexual and medical violence against Black Americans >
        • Lesson Plans >
          • Medical Experimentation on Enslaved Women
          • Nurse Rivers
      • Conflict-related SGBV in Tigray and Afghanistan
      • Reports and Papers on SGBV & Gender Justice
    • History of and Issues Surrounding Asian Diaspora in the United States >
      • ESJF >
        • 19th Century >
          • Lesson Plans
        • 20th Century >
          • Lesson Plans
        • Today >
          • Lesson Plans
      • TACT >
        • K-5
        • 6-8
        • 9-12
      • Facing History and Ourselves
      • Fred T. Korematsu Institute
      • San Francisco Asian Art Museum
      • Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center
    • Medical Atrocities and Use of Banned Weapons >
      • United States >
        • Lesson Plans
      • Asia >
        • Lesson Plans
        • Video Footage for Classroom
        • Primary Source Documents: Medical Atrocities and Ethics
        • Secondary Source Documents: Medical Atrocities and Ethics
      • Europe >
        • Lesson Plans
    • Resistance and Collective Activism >
      • U.S. Slavery
      • Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
  • ESJF Publications
    • "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
      • Teacher Resource Guide >
        • How to Order
      • Student Resource Guide >
        • How to Order
    • Medical Atrocities and Use of Banned Weapons
  • ESJF Professional Development opportunities
  • Get Involved
    • Join Our Email List
    • Donate
    • Contact Us >
      • Workshop and Lecture Request