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Europe

Unit 731 and Auschwitz 
Danielle Dybbro


Purpose: This activity introduces students to Unit 731 and its use as a Japanese biological warfare research facility, as well as the reason for decades of silence and lack of acknowledgment. Students are asked to consider similar medical experimentation in Nazi Germany and compare how the perpetrators were treated in post-WWII trials.
 
Objective: Students will view and listen to a slideshow lecture about Unit 731 and be asked to fill out a worksheet afterwards comparing Japanese and German medical research facilities. They will discuss the reasons as to why there was a radical difference in prosecution and punishment.
 
California Social Studies Content Standard: 10.8 Causes and Consequences of WWII - Students analyze the causes and consequences of World War II.
 
Suggested Time: 1 class day (approximately one hour)
 
Procedure:
  • Teachers should prepare the class prior to this activity.  Warn the class ahead of time that they will read about graphic details about medical experiments.  If students are triggered, bothered, or simply uncomfortable, appropriate accommodations should be made.  Let students know they can step away from the readings if it becomes too much.
 
  • Ask students what they know about Nazi medical experimentation during WWII. Then ask students what they know about Japanese medical experimentation during WWII.
 
  • Slideshow timeline: WWII general timeline with major events, when allied and axis powers entered the war, etc. Teacher should highlight that the U.S. entered later in conflict and emphasize Japanese invasion of Manchuria was years before the start of the war.
 
  • Proceed to present Unit 731 background information.
 
  • Have students work individually or in pairs to complete ‘At A Glance’ worksheet.
 
  • Teachers should lead a class discussion about the information presented as well as considering the ‘At A Glance’ worksheet.
    • Sample discussion questions:
      • What are some feelings/reactions you had during the presentation?
      • What were you most surprised to learn?
      • What role did war play in Unit 731?
      • What role did imperialism play in Unit 731?
      • How were the Nazi and Japanese medical experiments similar? How were they different?
        • purpose, victims, trials, prosecution
      • Why were the Japanese medical experiments virtually unknown for decades?
      • How is it useful to consider Nazi and Japanese medical experiments in the side-by-side format? How is it not useful?
      • How can we prevent instances like Nazi and Japanese medical experiments from occurring?
        • Different levels: local, regional, national, and international
    • What kind of activity would you design if you had to teach this topic?
 
  • Due to the nature of the heavy topic, it may be beneficial to have students do a quick write or journal entry about the topic as a concluding activity.
 
Materials/Handouts:
  • Infographic with blank spaces and accompanying worksheet
  • Infographic for teachers with correct answers
  • Slides for teachers
Picture
​
At a Glance
Auschwitz
Purpose: improve ______________ of troops, test medical procedures, confirm ___________
___________  _________________.
 
More than 7000 victims: ________, _________, _________(___________), _____________
______________, ____________, _____________________, ____________________.
 
Nuremberg Trials, 1945. American Military Tribunal: 23 physicians, scientists, senior officials tried;
7 ________________, 9 ________________, 7 _______________.
 
____________________________ never tried, escaped to South America; ______________
___________________ declared unfit to stand trial.
 
Unit 731
Purpose: utilize potential of ________________________, medical research, military research
 
More than 3000 victims: __________________, ________________, _______________,
_____________________.
 
Khabarovsk Trials, 1945: 12 officers tried, prison sentences from ___________________ years, most were _______________ in 1950s.
 
Only men on trial were those captured by _______________; others promised ___________________
by General MacArthur in exchange for _________________. 
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  • Home
    • About Us >
      • Social Justice Education
      • International Community Outreach >
        • Chiba Korean Elementary Middle School >
          • ESJF Student Art Competition
          • ESJF Statement: “After ‘Lack of Freedom of Expression?’” Shut Down to Suppress Freedom of Expression
          • Letter to Aichi Prefectural Triennale Promotion Office
        • Days for Girls International
    • Contact Us >
      • Workshop and Lecture Request
    • Blog
    • ESJF in the News
  • Topics
    • Countering Sexual & Gender-based Violence >
      • Military "Comfort Women" System >
        • International "Comfort Women" Day >
          • 30th Anniversary of Kim Hak-Soon Halmoni's public testimony >
            • Kim Hak-Soon Halmoni
        • 2000 Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan’s Military Sexual Slavery
        • 2015 "Comfort Women" Agreement
        • Historic Lawsuits related to Japanese military sexual slavery before and during WWII >
          • Sung Sohn's Essay with commentaries and statement
        • Wednesday Demonstration
        • Peace Statue >
          • UNESCO and the "Voices of the 'Comfort Women'" >
            • Timeline
            • 2021 Youth Artwork Competition >
              • Guidelines
              • Application
            • 2021 Young Adult Online Campaign >
              • Guidelines
              • Application
          • Reports and Papers on Sexual Violence & Slavery
      • Conflict-related SGBV in Tigray & Afghanistan
    • HISTORY and Issues Surrounding ASIAN DIASPORA in the United States
    • Weapons of Mass Destruction and Medical Experimentation
  • Educator Resources
    • Countering Sexual & Gender-based Violence: "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
      • Primary Source Documents: "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
        • Concerning the Recruitment of Women for Military Comfort Stations
        • Psychological Warfare Interrogation Report No. 49
        • Psychological Warfare Interrogation Bulletin No. 2
        • SEATIC Psychological Warfare Bulletin No. 182
        • G-3 Daily Dairy
        • C.B.I. Roundup
        • Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS) No. 470
        • Research Report No. 120: Amenities in the Japanese Armed Forces
        • San Francisco Local History >
          • Resolutions >
            • Resolution 158-25A1
          • Reflection and Chronology: Eric Mar
          • Reflection: Steven Whyte & Ellen Wilson
          • Chronology: Teaching "Comfort Women" History from the 1990s to Present
        • Photographs
      • Secondary Source Documents/ Further Resources: "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
        • Secondary Resource References
        • ESJF Statement on the South Korea Court’s ruling, April 21, 2021
        • ESJF Statement on the South Korea Court’s ruling, January 8, 2021
        • International Joint Statement, August 14, 2019
        • International Joint Statement, March 1, 2019
        • International Joint Statement, October 6, 2018
        • International Joint Statement, January 7, 2018
      • Historical Background
      • Survivors' Testimonies & Legacies >
        • Korea
        • China
        • Philippines
        • Indonesia
        • Japan
        • Netherlands
      • 2017 CA H-SS Framework >
        • Basic questions surrounding the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery System
      • Lesson Plans: "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
        • ​Reality and trauma of military sexual slavery
        • Denial of legal and historical responsibility
        • ​Remembering and honoring "comfort women"
        • A Global plague
        • Collective activism
        • Contemporary movements towards justice
        • Sexual and medical violence against Blacks
      • Worksheets
      • Activity Sheets
      • Map of Memorials in the United States
      • YouTube >
        • First Video Footage of Korean "Comfort Women": July, 2017
        • First Video Footage of Mass Murdered "Comfort Women": Feb. 2018
        • Justice for the victims of the Japanese military “comfort women” system
        • Animation Herstory
        • Life as a "Comfort Woman": Story of Kim Bok-Dong
        • Meet Estelita Dy: A Filipino "Comfort Woman" Survivor
        • 2015 "Comfort Women" Agreement and Victims' Reaction
        • 2018 International "Comfort Women" Day
      • 2017 Special Task Force Report on 2015 "Comfort Women" Agreement between S. Korea and Japan
    • HISTORY and Issues Surrounding ASIAN DIASPORA in the United States >
      • K-5
      • 6-8
      • 9-12
      • San Francisco Asian Art Museum
      • Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center
    • Weapons of Mass Destruction and Medical Experimentation >
      • United States >
        • Lesson Plans
      • Asia >
        • Video Footage for Classroom
        • Primary Source Documents: Medical Atrocities and Ethics
        • Secondary Source Documents: Medical Atrocities and Ethics
        • Lesson Plans
      • Europe >
        • Lesson Plans
  • Our Publications
    • "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
      • Teacher Resource Guide >
        • How to Order
      • Student Resource Guide >
        • How to Order
    • Weapons of Mass Destruction and Medical Experimentation >
      • Asia
      • Europe
      • United States
  • Professional Development Events
  • Partners
  • Give