EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE FOUNDATION
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          • Letter to Aichi Prefectural Triennale Promotion Office
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    • Countering Sexual & Gender-based Violence >
      • Japanese Military "Comfort Women" System >
        • International "Comfort Women" Day >
          • 30th Anniversary of Kim Hak-Soon Halmoni's public testimony >
            • Kim Hak-Soon Halmoni
        • 2000 Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan’s Military Sexual Slavery
        • 2015 "Comfort Women" Agreement
        • Historic Lawsuits related to Japanese military sexual slavery before and during WWII >
          • Sung Sohn's Essay with commentaries and statement
        • Wednesday Demonstration
        • Peace Statue
        • UNESCO and the "Voices of the 'Comfort Women'" >
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            • Guidelines
            • Application
          • 2021 Young Adult Online Campaign >
            • Guidelines
            • Application
      • Conflict-related SGBV in Tigray & Afghanistan
      • Reports and Papers on Sexual Violence & Slavery
    • History of and Issues Surrounding Asian Diaspora in the United States
    • Medical Atrocities and Use of Banned Weapons
  • Educator Resources
    • Countering Sexual & Gender-based Violence >
      • Japanese military sexual slavery system: Historical Background >
        • Lesson Plans and Worksheets >
          • ​Reality and trauma of military sexual slavery
          • Denial of legal and historical responsibility
          • ​Remembering and honoring "comfort women"
          • Collective activism
          • Contemporary movements towards justice
          • A Global plague
          • Worksheets
          • Puzzles
        • 2017 CA H-SS Framework >
          • Basic questions surrounding the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery System
        • Survivors' Testimonies & Legacies >
          • Korea
          • China
          • Philippines
          • Indonesia
          • Japan
          • Netherlands
        • Primary Source Documents: "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
          • Concerning the Recruitment of Women for Military Comfort Stations
          • Psychological Warfare Interrogation Report No. 49
          • Psychological Warfare Interrogation Bulletin No. 2
          • SEATIC Psychological Warfare Bulletin No. 182
          • G-3 Daily Dairy
          • C.B.I. Roundup
          • Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS) No. 470
          • Research Report No. 120: Amenities in the Japanese Armed Forces
          • San Francisco Local History >
            • Resolutions >
              • Resolution 158-25A1
            • Reflection and Chronology: Eric Mar
            • Reflection: Steven Whyte & Ellen Wilson
            • Chronology: Teaching "Comfort Women" History from the 1990s to Present
          • Photographs
        • Secondary Source Documents/ Further Resources: "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
          • Secondary Resource References
          • ESJF Statement on the South Korea Court’s ruling, April 21, 2021
          • ESJF Statement on the South Korea Court’s ruling, January 8, 2021
          • International Joint Statement, August 14, 2019
          • International Joint Statement, March 1, 2019
          • International Joint Statement, October 6, 2018
          • International Joint Statement, January 7, 2018
        • Map of Memorials in the United States
        • YouTube >
          • First Video Footage of Korean "Comfort Women": July, 2017
          • First Video Footage of Mass Murdered "Comfort Women": Feb. 2018
          • Life as a "Comfort Woman": Story of Kim Bok-Dong
          • Meet Estelita Dy: A Filipino "Comfort Woman" Survivor
          • 2015 "Comfort Women" Agreement and Victims' Reaction
          • 2018 International "Comfort Women" Day
        • 2017 Special Task Force Report on 2015 "Comfort Women" Agreement between S. Korea and Japan
      • Sexual and medical violence against Black Americans: Lesson plans >
        • Lesson Plans and Resources
    • History of and Issues Surrounding Asian Diaspora in the United States >
      • ESJF >
        • 19th Century >
          • Lesson Plans and Resources
        • 20th Century >
          • Lesson Plans and Resources
        • Today >
          • Lesson Plans and Resources
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      • Facing History and Ourselves
      • Fred T. Korematsu Institute
      • San Francisco Asian Art Museum
      • Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center
    • Medical Atrocities and Use of Banned Weapons >
      • United States >
        • Lesson Plans
      • Asia >
        • Lesson Plans
        • Video Footage for Classroom
        • Primary Source Documents: Medical Atrocities and Ethics
        • Secondary Source Documents: Medical Atrocities and Ethics
      • Europe >
        • Lesson Plans
  • ESJF Publications
    • "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
      • Teacher Resource Guide >
        • How to Order
      • Student Resource Guide >
        • How to Order
    • Medical Atrocities and Use of Banned Weapons >
      • Asia
      • Europe
      • United States
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Japanese Military ​Sexual Slavery System
Before and During WWII: ​“Comfort Women”
 History and Issues

ESJF focuses on countering sexual and gender-based violence by providing education on the atrocious history of the Japanese military’s sexual slavery system before and during WWII. The term “comfort women” is a euphemism referring to the victims of Japanese military sexual slavery established and operated by the Japanese Imperial Armed Forces in their occupied territories from the 1930s through the end of WWII in 1945. This chilling case is a valuable teaching resource for addressing gender-based violence around the globe. 
Our publications include primary documents, survivors’ testimonies, and tested lesson plans to teach and learn about the accurate history and issues surrounding the Japanese military sexual slavery system.
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Historical Background
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Survivors’ Testimonies
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Primary Source Documents
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San Francisco Local History​
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​​Workshop and Lecture Request 
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“Comfort Women” History and Issues
Introduction
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  • Home
    • About Us >
      • Social Justice Education
      • International Community Outreach >
        • Chiba Korean Elementary Middle School >
          • ESJF Student Art Competition
          • ESJF Statement: “After ‘Lack of Freedom of Expression?’” Shut Down to Suppress Freedom of Expression
          • Letter to Aichi Prefectural Triennale Promotion Office
        • Days for Girls International
    • Contact Us >
      • Workshop and Lecture Request
    • Blog
    • ESJF in the News
  • Topics
    • Countering Sexual & Gender-based Violence >
      • Japanese Military "Comfort Women" System >
        • International "Comfort Women" Day >
          • 30th Anniversary of Kim Hak-Soon Halmoni's public testimony >
            • Kim Hak-Soon Halmoni
        • 2000 Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan’s Military Sexual Slavery
        • 2015 "Comfort Women" Agreement
        • Historic Lawsuits related to Japanese military sexual slavery before and during WWII >
          • Sung Sohn's Essay with commentaries and statement
        • Wednesday Demonstration
        • Peace Statue
        • UNESCO and the "Voices of the 'Comfort Women'" >
          • Timeline
          • 2021 Youth Artwork Competition >
            • Guidelines
            • Application
          • 2021 Young Adult Online Campaign >
            • Guidelines
            • Application
      • Conflict-related SGBV in Tigray & Afghanistan
      • Reports and Papers on Sexual Violence & Slavery
    • History of and Issues Surrounding Asian Diaspora in the United States
    • Medical Atrocities and Use of Banned Weapons
  • Educator Resources
    • Countering Sexual & Gender-based Violence >
      • Japanese military sexual slavery system: Historical Background >
        • Lesson Plans and Worksheets >
          • ​Reality and trauma of military sexual slavery
          • Denial of legal and historical responsibility
          • ​Remembering and honoring "comfort women"
          • Collective activism
          • Contemporary movements towards justice
          • A Global plague
          • Worksheets
          • Puzzles
        • 2017 CA H-SS Framework >
          • Basic questions surrounding the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery System
        • Survivors' Testimonies & Legacies >
          • Korea
          • China
          • Philippines
          • Indonesia
          • Japan
          • Netherlands
        • Primary Source Documents: "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
          • Concerning the Recruitment of Women for Military Comfort Stations
          • Psychological Warfare Interrogation Report No. 49
          • Psychological Warfare Interrogation Bulletin No. 2
          • SEATIC Psychological Warfare Bulletin No. 182
          • G-3 Daily Dairy
          • C.B.I. Roundup
          • Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS) No. 470
          • Research Report No. 120: Amenities in the Japanese Armed Forces
          • San Francisco Local History >
            • Resolutions >
              • Resolution 158-25A1
            • Reflection and Chronology: Eric Mar
            • Reflection: Steven Whyte & Ellen Wilson
            • Chronology: Teaching "Comfort Women" History from the 1990s to Present
          • Photographs
        • Secondary Source Documents/ Further Resources: "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
          • Secondary Resource References
          • ESJF Statement on the South Korea Court’s ruling, April 21, 2021
          • ESJF Statement on the South Korea Court’s ruling, January 8, 2021
          • International Joint Statement, August 14, 2019
          • International Joint Statement, March 1, 2019
          • International Joint Statement, October 6, 2018
          • International Joint Statement, January 7, 2018
        • Map of Memorials in the United States
        • YouTube >
          • First Video Footage of Korean "Comfort Women": July, 2017
          • First Video Footage of Mass Murdered "Comfort Women": Feb. 2018
          • Life as a "Comfort Woman": Story of Kim Bok-Dong
          • Meet Estelita Dy: A Filipino "Comfort Woman" Survivor
          • 2015 "Comfort Women" Agreement and Victims' Reaction
          • 2018 International "Comfort Women" Day
        • 2017 Special Task Force Report on 2015 "Comfort Women" Agreement between S. Korea and Japan
      • Sexual and medical violence against Black Americans: Lesson plans >
        • Lesson Plans and Resources
    • History of and Issues Surrounding Asian Diaspora in the United States >
      • ESJF >
        • 19th Century >
          • Lesson Plans and Resources
        • 20th Century >
          • Lesson Plans and Resources
        • Today >
          • Lesson Plans and Resources
      • TACT >
        • K-5
        • 6-8
        • 9-12
      • Facing History and Ourselves
      • Fred T. Korematsu Institute
      • San Francisco Asian Art Museum
      • Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center
    • Medical Atrocities and Use of Banned Weapons >
      • United States >
        • Lesson Plans
      • Asia >
        • Lesson Plans
        • Video Footage for Classroom
        • Primary Source Documents: Medical Atrocities and Ethics
        • Secondary Source Documents: Medical Atrocities and Ethics
      • Europe >
        • Lesson Plans
  • ESJF Publications
    • "Comfort Women" History and Issues >
      • Teacher Resource Guide >
        • How to Order
      • Student Resource Guide >
        • How to Order
    • Medical Atrocities and Use of Banned Weapons >
      • Asia
      • Europe
      • United States
  • Professional Development Events
  • Partnerships
  • Give